By 1845, the islands had been merged[1] into one landmass by means of multiple land reclamation projects. In 1999, several members left the Congress to form the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) but later allied with the Congress as part of an alliance known as the Democratic Front. The original archipelago was composed of the following islands: Isle of Bombay, Colaba Old Woman's Island (Little Colaba) Mahim Mazagaon Parel Worli . [142][143], Mumbai is the commercial capital of India and has evolved into a global financial hub. [130], The following decades saw massive expansion of the city and its suburbs. [156], Apart from the Bhatsa Dam, there are six major lakes that supply water to the city: Vihar, Lower Vaitarna, Upper Vaitarna, Tulsi, Tansa and Powai. Many Hindi speakers are workers from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar who migrate seasonally to Mumbai to work as labourers. Mumbai (also known as Bombay, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. The Ghatkopar Hills are present near the station of Ghatkopar. The original archipelago was composed of the fo. [43], Other variations recorded in the 16th and the 17th centuries include: Mombayn (1525), Bombay (1538), Bombain (1552), Bombaym (1552), Monbaym (1554), Mombaim (1563), Mombaym (1644), Bambaye (1666), Bombaiim (1666), Bombeye (1676), Boon Bay (1690),[42][44] and Bon Bahia. The MCGM operates 1,188 primary schools imparting primary education to 485,531 students in eight languages (Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati, Urdu, English, Tamil, Telugu, and Kannada). Both GSM and CDMA services are available in the city. [citation needed] Jews settled in Mumbai during the 18th century. The islands became part of the Mauryan Empire in the third century BC, and they were made a center of Buddhist patronage. While it was possible to cross over from Bombay to Mazagaon during low tides as the sea was very shallow in that area, the gap between other islands was navigated by boats. "Bombay" redirects here. Bay, and the city was called Bombay upto the early 70's, when the name was changed to Mumbai. The city is also home to the Bollywood film industry which entertains millions and millions of people across the globe. Rough Map of the Seven Islands of Mumbai | TIFR/ WikiCommons The seven islands were gradually physically united through land reclamation projects. Bookmark Quiz Bookmark Quiz Bookmark. Disclaimer: All efforts have been made to make this image accurate. Details showing the Breach Candy from 'Niebuhr's Map of Bombay', 1764. The Bombay government sent Bake to deliver the map personally to the directors. Bombay, now Mumbai, more correctly Greater Mumbai, started out as seven small islands with. [128] Maharashtra State with Mumbai as its capital was formed with the merger of Marathi-speaking areas of Bombay State, eight districts from Central Provinces and Berar, five districts from Hyderabad State, and numerous princely states enclosed between them. During the early 20th century it became a strong base for the Indian independence movement. eastern to Madh Marve on the western front. Whether you call it Bombay or Mumbai, for any person who stays here, it will always be known as Amchi Mumbai. However, this was only possible once the breaches from which seawater entered could be closed. [27] Along with construction of major roads and railways, the reclamation project, completed in 1845, transformed Mumbai into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. [200], Until the 1970s, Mumbai owed its prosperity largely to textile mills and the seaport, but the local economy has since then diversified to include finance, engineering, diamond-polishing, healthcare and information technology. Mumbai lies at the mouth of the Ulhas River on the western coast of India, in the coastal region known as the Konkan. Favorite. They were subsequently scrapped due to lack of adequate infrastructure. Mumbai currently has one operational expresswaythe MumbaiPune Expressway, which directly connects Mumbai with Pune. Last Updated. Its population as per the 2011 census was 12,442,373. [196], Mumbai is India's second largest city (by population) and is the financial and commercial capital of the country as it generates 6.16% of the total GDP. As a result of the Sultanate's support, numerous mosques were built, with one notable example being the Haji Ali Dargah in Worli. The seven islands of Bombay saw a long history of very diverse rulings, which turned its landscape into a combination of rock cut caves, temples, mosques, churches, water tanks, and forts. They are as follows: The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (formerly Sahar International Airport) is the main aviation hub in the city and the second busiest airport in India in terms of passenger traffic. The landscape of these islands varied from low hills, tidal flats, mangrove forests, and salt pans. The work progressed further under the governorship of Nicolas Waite, who appointed William Aislabi to undertake the work of closing the inlets to the north in 1704. [422] Government Law College and Sydenham College, respectively the oldest law and commerce colleges in India, are based in Mumbai. [390] Popular English language newspapers published and sold in Mumbai include The Times of India, Mid-day, Hindustan Times, DNA India, and The Indian Express. Report. [158] The coastline of the city is indented with numerous creeks and bays, stretching from the Thane creek on the The original islands. [332] Mumbai Metropolitan Region was home to 20,748,395 people by 2011. [263][264] The Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT) and Thane Municipal Transport (TMT) also operate their buses in Mumbai, connecting various nodes of Navi Mumbai and Thane to parts of Mumbai. Marathi dailies enjoy the maximum readership share in the city and the top Marathi language newspapers are Maharashtra Times, Navakaal, Lokmat, Loksatta, Mumbai Chaufer, Saamana and Sakaal. What Is ETIAS In A Nutshell, Mount Kailash Calling: Devotees to Access the Sacred Abode from India from September. The maximum annual rainfall ever recorded was 3,452mm (136in) for 1954. Marathi, and its dialect, as a single language is spoken by 35.30% of the population around 4,396,870 people. In 1796, the island of Colaba had been declared as a cantonment area, and people used boats to go there, which were often overcrowded, leading to accidents. Bollywood, the Hindi film industry based in Mumbai, produces around 150200 films every year. [80] The Delhi Sultanate annexed the islands in 134748 and controlled it until 1407. [107] [33][34] The city houses important financial institutions and the corporate headquarters of numerous Indian companies and multinational corporations. Football is another popular sport in the city, with the FIFA World Cup and the English Premier League being followed widely. Bombay was seven islands until the British joined them together through a series of reclamations and infills, paving the way for the rise of a brilliant port city. It had even tried to wrest it from the Portuguese, albeit unsuccessfully, in 1627 with the help of the Dutch East India Company. [250] The Mumbai rail network is spread at an expanse of 319 route kilometres. The metropolis is also the hub of many international media corporations, with many news channels and print publications having a major presence. [137] The geographical limits of Greater Mumbai were coextensive with municipal limits of Greater Mumbai. [178] Among other causes of flooding in Mumbai is its geographic location, Mumbai urban is in peninsular form, (a land-filled area that connects seven islands) a low laying area, compared to its suburb that sits on an elevated location, Over the past few decades, the new informal settlements were formed in the suburbs, causing a rapid increase in population, Improper waste management, and drainage congestion. Mazagaon 6. The black and yellow Premier Padmini Taxis are iconic of Mumbai. Built in 1833, the Asiatic Society of Mumbai is one of the oldest public libraries in the city. It could also afford easy and direct communication with the English factories in Persia, Malabar Coast and the Spice Islands (Maluku Islands). The Conditional Access System (CAS) started by the Union Government in 2006 met a poor response in Mumbai due to competition from its sister technology Direct-to-Home (DTH) transmission service.[398]. [173][174][175], Mumbai is prone to monsoon floods,[176][177] caused due to climate change that is affected by heavy rains and high tide in the sea, according to the World Bank, unplanned drainage system and informal settlement is a key factor of frequent floods in Mumbai. [278] Mumbai has approximately 1,900km (1,181mi) of roads. The last of the islands to be joined were the Colaba and the Little Colaba. In 1954 Hindustan Petroleum comissoned Mumbai Refinery at Trombay and BPCL Refinery. [189][190][191] According to the 2016 World Health Organization Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database,[192] the annual average PM2.5 concentration in 2013 was 63 g/m3, which is 6.3 times higher than that recommended by the WHO Air Quality Guidelines[193] for the annual mean PM2.5. [93] The Portuguese also built several fortifications around the city like the Bombay Castle, Castella de Aguada (Castelo da Aguada or Bandra Fort), and Madh Fort. It was ranked 10th among the top Universities of India by QS in 2013. [442] Comments. The Indian Badminton League (IBL), now known as the Premier Badminton League is also visiting Mumbai since its inaugural edition in 2013 when the final was held in Mumbai's National Sports Club of India. [235][236] A member of the legislative assembly (MLA) to the Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) is elected from each of the assembly constituencies. Nonetheless, Ptolemy was aware of the area and referred to it as Heptanesia (seven islands) in his Geography, a second century CE treatise on the known world. [69][70], Between the 2nd century BCE and 9th century CE, the islands came under the control of successive indigenous dynasties: Satavahanas, Western Satraps, Abhira, Vakataka, Kalachuris, Konkan Mauryas, Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas,[71] before being ruled by the Shilaharas from 810 to 1260. Pleistocene sediments found around Kandivali on Salsette Island north of the seven islands by Todd in 1939 indicate that these islands were inhabited since the Stone Age. Mumbai city of Maharashtra is known as the City of Seven Islands as it connects with seven islands, namely- Isle of Bombay, Colaba, Old Woman's Colaba, Mahim, Mazagaon, Parel and Worli. 2. [384] Essel World is a theme park and amusement centre situated close to Gorai Beach,[385] and includes Asia's largest theme water park, Water Kingdom.
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